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Simplification without deregulation

Simplification without deregulation requires strong guardrails, says Supervisory Board Chair Claudia Buch. To tackle undue complexity, European banking supervision is pursuing a reform programme to make supervision more effective and efficient, while remaining clearly focused on risks.

Read Claudia Buch’s speech
SPEECH 13 June 2025

Expectations for financial conglomerates

Financial conglomerates are an important part of the European financial landscape, each a collection of businesses with different capital needs and risk profiles. Any potential interconnectedness between banking activities and insurance activities demands careful oversight.

Read Patrick Montagner’s speech
THE SUPERVISION BLOG 13 June 2025

Tools for effective supervision

We are determined to use all the tools at our disposal to get banks to properly manage their risk, says Supervisory Board member Pedro Machado. Integrating sanctions into our escalation framework and aligning them with other measures makes our supervision more effective.

Read the Supervision Blog post
SUPERVISION NEWSLETTER 14 May 2025

Maximum harmonisation with minimal rules

Kilvar Kessler, ECB Supervisory Board member and Chair of Finantsinspektsioon, cautions that too many rules can stifle success. Our latest newsletter also covers the benefits of technology and how we are streamlining banks’ regular health checks with new reforms.

Read our Supervision Newsletter
18 April 2025
PRESS RELEASE
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20 March 2025
PRESS RELEASE
20 January 2025
PRESS RELEASE
20 December 2024
PRESS RELEASE
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20 December 2024
PRESS RELEASE
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13 June 2025
SPEECH
Speech by Patrick Montagner, Meeting of the Pan-European Conglomerate Club at DZ Bank Frankfurt
12 June 2025
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Frank Elderson, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB and Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the 24th Annual International Conference on Policy Challenges for the Financial Sector
11 June 2025
SPEECH
Speech by Claudia Buch, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, Goldman Sachs European Financials Conference 2025
9 June 2025
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Frank Elderson, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB and Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the Italian constitutional court
4 June 2025
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Pedro Machado, Member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the 2025 Harvard Law School/PIFS Europe – US Symposium
4 June 2025
Interview with Claudia Buch, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, conducted by Eric Albert, Marc Angrand, Marie Charrel and Béatrice Madeline on 4 June 2025
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28 May 2025
Interview with Patrick Montagner, conducted by Revue Banque on 7 May 2025
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14 May 2025
Interview with Kilvar Kessler, Chair of Finantsinspektsioon and Member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, Supervision Newsletter
11 April 2025
Interview with Claudia Buch, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, conducted by Nicholas Comfort and Laura Noonan on 9 April 2025
8 April 2025
Interview with Anneli Tuominen, Member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, for the Eurofi Magazine
13 June 2025
The integration of sanctions into the ECB’s escalation framework strengthens compliance, enhances supervisory effectiveness and acts as a deterrent against future violations.
3 June 2025
Private capital markets are growing fast – and so are their links to banks. As complexity and leverage build up outside the regulatory perimeter, risk management of banks, transparency, and regulatory frameworks need to keep pace.
18 March 2025
As the normalisation of the Eurosystem balance sheet progresses, the aggregate amount of central bank liquidity available to banks in the euro area will fall over the coming years. This blog explains the role played by the Eurosystem’s refinancing operations within the operational framework for monetary policy implementation. The ECB, both as a monetary policy authority and as a supervisor, expects that banks should consider these operations as an integral part of their day-to-day liquidity management.
11 March 2025
Maintaining adequate levels of capital allows banks to provide stable financial services to the real economy and absorb losses in difficult times. This is why European law sets minimum capital requirements that all banks must meet. But banks also face risks that are not covered by these Pillar 1 requirements. This blog post explains how the ECB addresses these risks through its Pillar 2 requirements, and how we are changing our approach to ensure that banks remain safe and sound in an evolving risk landscape.
20 January 2025
Stress tests are of crucial importance to assess banks’ resilience under adverse economic conditions. In previous stress tests, however, some banks submitted overly optimistic projections. Despite thorough quality assurance by supervisors, this behaviour makes it more likely that the risks some banks face are underestimated. To address this, we are now taking a closer look at insufficiently prudent projection submissions. In line with our supervisory focus on banks’ risk data aggregation and reporting capabilities, we are also looking more closely at poor data quality issues in stress tests.

Statistics on supervised banks

Significant institutions (01/03/2025) 114
Total assets (€ bn) 26,836.78
Total equity (€ bn) 1,884.27
Return on equity
(%, annualised)
9.54
Reference date: 2024-Q4 Supervisory data

Liquidity coverage ratio

Non-performing loans ratio

Excluding cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits
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